This allowed light to finally shine through, about 380,000 years after the Big Bang. Over time, however, these free electrons met up with nuclei and created neutral atoms or atoms with equal positive and negative electric charges. "The free electrons would have caused light (photons) to scatter the way sunlight scatters from the water droplets in clouds," NASA stated. This early "soup" would have been impossible to actually see because it couldn't hold visible light. The cosmos now contained a vast array of fundamental particles such as neutrons, electrons and protons - the raw materials that would become the building blocks for everything that exists today. This all happened within just the first second after the universe began, when the temperature of everything was still insanely hot, at about 10 billion degrees Fahrenheit (5.5 billion Celsius), according to NASA. We just use other mirrors to flip it back.Hubble images show the far-distant galaxy GN-z11 as it appeared shortly after the Big Bang. Have you ever looked into a spoon and noticed your reflection is upside down? The curved mirror in a telescope is like a spoon: It flips the image. Also, since mirrors are one-sided, they are easier than lenses to clean and polish.īut mirrors have their own problems. It is much easier to make a large, near-perfect mirror than to make a large, near-perfect lens. So the mirror just has to have the right curved shape. Light is concentrated by bouncing off of the mirror. A bigger mirror does not also have to be thicker. Unlike a lens, a mirror can be very thin. It would be like looking through a dirty window.Ī telescope that uses mirrors is called a reflecting telescope. Any flaws in the lens will change the image. Also, as they get thicker the glass stops more of the light passing through them.īecause the light is passing through the lens, the surface of the lens has to be extremely smooth. Heavy lenses are hard to make and difficult to hold in the right place. If you want to see far away, you need a big powerful lens. People with especially poor eyesight need thick lenses in their glasses. In a telescope, it makes faraway things seem closer.Ī simple refracting telescope uses lenses to make images bigger and more visible. In eyeglasses, this makes things less blurry. It’s hard to make a perfect mirror, but it’s even harder to make a perfect lens.Ī telescope made with lenses is called a refracting telescope.Ī lens, just like in eyeglasses, bends light passing through it. If they do have such problems, the image gets warped or blurry and is difficult to see. They can’t have any spots, scratches or other flaws. That means the mirrors and lenses have to be just the right shape to concentrate the light. The optics of a telescope must be almost perfect. That light is what we see when we look into the telescope. Light is then concentrated by the shape of the optics. The bigger the mirrors or lenses, the more light the telescope can gather. To do that, the optics-be they mirrors or lenses-have to be really big. The mirrors or lenses in a telescope are called the “optics.” Really powerful telescopes can see very dim things and things that are really far away. So why do we use mirrors today? Because mirrors are lighter, and they are easier than lenses to make perfectly smooth. The first telescopes focused light by using pieces of curved, clear glass, called lenses. Most telescopes, and all large telescopes, work by using curved mirrors to gather and focus light from the night sky. A telescope is a tool that astronomers use to see faraway objects.
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His instructions are not unlike the methods still used to make homemade kites today. The first description of kitemaking in English appeared in 1654 in a book by John Bate entitled Mysteries of Nature and Art. A cord was attached to the kite by a ring sewn into the cloth. A pair of diagonal sticks were attached to the cloth to hold it in place. Early European kites were made of cloth or parchment and sometimes had a long slit with a piece of silk sewn into it to help the kite soar. Written references to kitemaking in Europe date back to 1430 a.d. Eventually, the kitemaking technology was adapted by the Arabs, who in turn brought it to North Africa and Europe. From there it spread to Indonesia, India, and the islands of the Pacific. Kitemaking soon spread from China to Japan, Korea, Burma (now, Myanmar), and Malaysia, regions where kite flying is still an important part of the local culture. Paper was invented around the year 100 a.d. The earliest kites were built of wood and cloth. The Chinese later used kites for numerous purposes, ranging from religious ceremonies to warfare. The first use for kites was probably for signaling at a distance. Kites were probably derived from cloth banners, similar to modern flags, which streamed out in the wind while attached to cords or flexible wooden rods. Written references to kites in China date back to 200 b.c., but they were probably invented at a much earlier time. Kites were first developed in ancient China. To enable the user to control the movement of the kite, the bridle must be attached to the body of the kite in at least two places. The word kite is derived from the name of a type of bird belonging to the hawk family which is know for its graceful, soaring flight.Ī kite consists of three basic parts: the body, the line, and the bridle that attaches the line to the body. The kite flies because wind resistance causes the air pressure under the kite to be greater than the air pressure above the kite, making the kite rise. A kite is an unpowered, heavier-than-air flying device held to the earth by a line. |
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